Excretory System – NDA Biology PYQs

Question [NDA 2018-I]
Which one of the following parts of the body does NOT take part in the process of breathing?
(a) Bronchi
(b) Diaphragm
(c) Trachea
(d) Bowman’s capsule

Answer: (d)
Bowman’s capsule is part of the nephron in the kidney. It is the cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects glomerular filtrate during blood filtration. It plays no role in breathing. Bronchi, diaphragm, and trachea are all part of the respiratory system and are directly involved in the breathing process.

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Question [NDA 2021-I]
Which one of the following is used as an artificial kidney in patients with kidney failure?
(a) Ventilator
(b) Cardiac pacemaker
(c) Dialysis machine
(d) Sphygmomanometer

Answer: (c)
A dialysis machine filters waste products from the blood when the kidneys have failed. It works on the principle of a semi-permeable membrane — urea and waste pass through but blood cells and proteins do not. A ventilator supports breathing. A cardiac pacemaker regulates heartbeat. A sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure.

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